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Managing wastewater in the context of climate change was discussed at the workshop on Wet Weather Overflows, the latest in Ovivo’s 'Utilities Of The Future' series. It was a thought-provoking session, with some compelling observations from the panel.
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Academic research should be ground-breaking and novel. The experience of authoring and reviewing papers has given me a number of insights – specifically clichés to avoid, like ‘membrane fouling is the most significant challenge to MBR implementation’.
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MICRODYN-NADIR, a membrane manufacturing company headquartered in Wiesbaden, Germany, opened a new US-based MBR membrane manufacturing facility in Austin last week (2018). The 27,000-square-foot automated facility will produce BIO-CEL® modules.
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Sometimes it’s only by knowing why things work the way they do that it’s possible to make a reasonable judgement on what to do. Both theory and practice in MBRs will always be essential with a free flow of information and knowledge between the two.
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Probably the greatest enigma of immersed membrane bioreactors (iMBRs) is the fact that they work at all. This might sound a little flippant: most iMBRs certainly operate pretty well most of the time under the appropriate conditions.
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The lifespan of a membrane is key in determining operating expenditure (OPEX). Extending the replacement frequency from five to ten years can reduce the overall OPEX by almost 20% for an immersed hollow fibre MBR, and more so for a flat sheet system.
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What’s the best membrane material for MBRs? If you consider all the products listed in ‘Industrial MBRs’, for example, it turns out that more than half of the 80 products represented in that book are PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride).
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Ragging in MBRs is almost certainly caused by cotton wool or other cellulosic textile fibres. Only very short lengths of tiny filaments must break through the 1–3 mm fine screens, suggesting they are originally dispersed but soon reform into long rags.
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It's their compactness that is one of the beauties of MBRs and often leads to their selection as the preferred technology. MBRs permit a higher MLSS concentration than a conventional CAS process, meaning proportionately smaller biological process tanks.
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For MBR hybrid technologies to be viable they need to offer a material advantage over the two separate technologies. And, of course, there has to be some sort of application for them in the first place.
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There’s plenty of tales of the impact of poor screening on downstream unit operations in MBRs. While there is little actual proper research into the performance of screens in the peer-reviewed literature, practitioners have produced some useful guidelines.
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At Qatar University, we've been looking at clogging in membrane channels, with our single-channel bench-scale plant. We're taking a few litres of sludge from a nearby MBR and running tests at relatively high flux and slightly diminished air scour rates.
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