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MABR technology offers a means of countering the reduction in nitrifier solids retention time (SRT) which otherwise occurs when retrofitting chemical or enhanced biological phosphate removal (CPR or EBPR) onto a conventional activated sludge process.
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Ammonia recovery from wastewaters is viable at high concentrations. There are examples of physical ammonia removal from industrial effluents such as landfill leachate. For sewage, ammonia recovery from anaerobic digestion return liquors is being explored.
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Biochar and hydrochar are the respective end solid products from thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation. The processes differ in operating temperature and pressure but both offer resource recovery from sludge.
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Membrane recycling may reduce emissions through reducing the amount of spent membrane modules for end disposal, but there are likely to be further emissions involved in the membrane reprocessing step. Extending membrane life is probably more beneficial.
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PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are generated from the breakdown of fluorinated polymers. The activation barrier for their breakdown is huge and the only fully commercialised processes possibly capable of destroying PFAS are thermochemical ones.
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Lithium ion battery recycling can either be by the ‘Pyro’ route, a combination of pyro- and hydro-metallurgy, or by the ‘Hydro’ route, which comprises a combination of a (thermo-) mechanical pretreatment followed by a hydrometallurgical refining process
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Phosphorus can be recovered as various phosphate salts, predominantly struvite, from the concentrated streams associated with sludge processing in municipal wastewater treatment works - such as digester supernatant and centrifugal dewatering centrate.
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Aquatech is an international trade show hosted in Amsterdam and focusing almost exclusively on water and wastewater treatment. There are at least 800 exhibitors from across the world, with around 20 of them offering MBR membrane products.
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Aquatech China, hosted at the Shanghai New International Expo Center, is the leading international water and wastewater trade show in Asia. In 2024 it featured around 15 companies offering MBR membrane module products among the 500 exhibitors in total.
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Research at pilot scale has demonstrated that oscillating an immersed membrane is more energy efficient than conventional membrane air scouring for sustaining membrane permeability in an MBR. However, there are other less onerous practical alternatives.
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The term 'low cost' is widely used in the academic literature without due attention to all relevant cost components. This is especially true when considering novel membranes, for which other costs as well as the membrane material cost can be significant.
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WEFTEC 2023 offered insights into the latest developments in membrane and MBR process technologies, as well as sludge processing. Around 35 booths were visited, with key topics discussed with exhibitors including PFAS, membrane replacement and degritting.
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