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Foaming of conventional activated sludge (CAS) is very common. It may happen during start-up due to the presence of surfactants, with insufficient biomass to degrade them during the early stages. However, this is normally a short-term issue.
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When selecting a screen for your MBR design (Part 2), things to consider include: the screenings capture ratio (SCR), screen apertures, screening flow velocity, ancillary processes and coarse suspended solids, and screen maintenance.
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Screening upstream of a membrane bioreactor remains a key concern for MBR practitioners. Screening protects the membrane from mechanical damage from sharp or abrasive particles and from clogging from hair and matted cotton fibre.
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Operational experience at La Center WWTP in Washington, USA indicates that the cost of MBR technology may be lower than that of a conventional biological treatment process, despite the higher energy demand.
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Municipal wastewater usually contains total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the range 4−12 mg/L. A conventional activated sludge process (CAS) can take this to 2−4 mg/L, or 0.5−1 mg/L if an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (BPR) process is used.
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In February 2015, we asked you to contribute to our MBR survey with a view to sharing knowledge and experiences about the common technical issues that prevent MBRs working as they should, as well as your views about the future for MBR technology.
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Anaerobic MBRs provide the potential for removing COD with a net energy benefit from the methane generated, albeit without nutrient removal. To date, five independent reviews of the subject have been published in various learned journals in 2012 alone.
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In Japan, over 3,000 MBRs have been in operation since the 1980s for small-scale on-site industrial/household wastewater treatment. Municipal wastewater applications began in the mid 00’s, with 19 operational full-scale plants by April 2013.
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Trace organic contaminants in municipal wastewater consist of a range of naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals - industrial chemicals, and those chemicals used in households, excreted by people, and formed during wastewater/water treatment processes.
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It is widely recognised by practitioners that clogging phenomena – possibly related to inefficient pre-treatment – are at least as important as membrane surface fouling in MBR systems. It is also recognised that clogging takes different forms...
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This feature summarises research into a new MBR technology applied for water reuse (NEWater, Singapore) with reference to energy demand. Reducing aeration demand for membrane air scouring combined with a high flux has been shown to reduce energy demand.
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Biological nitrogen removal from wastewater typically happens through aerobic nitrification (ammonia to nitrate) and anoxic denitrification (nitrate to nitrogen gas), usually in two separate process tanks other than in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs).
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