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Can the water industry survive without PVDF membranes? And should it be forced to lose its preferred material for water and wastewater treatment? PVDF is the material of choice for MBR membranes, but its future could be determined by EU PFAS legislation.
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Academic research into MBRs has been dominated by studies of membrane fouling and foulant characterisation. Key topics, such as process failure risk, chemical cleaning impacts on membrane life, and pretreatment requirements, have been largely overlooked.
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The ever-decreasing supply of freshwater has led to revisiting of the subject of wastewater reclamation generally. Should we be building larger reservoirs and focus on recovering the water following its domestic or industrial use?
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The MFC-MBR technology offers potential for low-energy wastewater treatment. But it is unclear how much latent electrical energy can be recovered from the wastewater and the cost is of retrofitting the MFC components to an existing MBR technology.
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For the mechanical parameters of mass, length, time, flow rate, density, viscosity, force, pressure, energy and power, adherence to US units imposes unnecessary barriers in understanding their inter-relationships based on the governing physical laws.
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Pre-1970s, water regulation was about rights, to control excessive pollution. 1970-2000, there was a push to protect water sources from pollution. Since 2000, the watchwords have been sustainability and climate change but there is still some way to go.
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Abbreviations like MABR, MBBR and MBR suggest these technologies are pretty similar, but actually they refer to completely different things. Let’s face it, the acronyms do kind of suggest they are related − so we define the terms in our handy table.
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Two significant micropollutants are microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and these substances are already causing water utilities to rethink their biosolids strategies, encouraging a change in mindset among industrial sectors.
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When travelling to California in the early 2000s,Graeme Pearce was struck by the difference in attitude to water reuse between Los Angeles and San Diego. Only 100 miles separate these two centres, but the attitude to reuse is chalk and cheese.
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Membrane replacement represents the third largest contribution to the operating cost of an MBR or UF/MF filtration plant, after i.a. energy demand, and there is little doubt that membrane life is of keen interest to membrane technology practitioners.
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In membrane science, you have physicists (film theory, hydraulic resistance and molecular dynamics) and chemists (chemical/biochemical stoichiometry, organic polymer synthesis and Gibbs–Donnan equilibria). Oh yes, membrane science is pretty hard core.
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Wastewater treatment offers examples of usefully combining two unit processes, like the MLE (Modified Ludzak Ettinger) process for nutrient removal, and combined screening/degritting for protecting downstream processes from rags and abrasive particles.
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