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The group at Cranfield has now published three papers on clogging, ragging (Stefanski et al, 2011), cleaning and desludging (Zsirai et al, 2012) and sludging itself (Buzatu et al, 2012).
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There can be few things more confounding in MBR operation and maintenance than the development of filamentous bacteria in the biotank. These are 'string-like' micro-organisms, with different species apparently prevailing under different conditions.
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Despite the benefits offered by MBR technology with respect to the amazingly high water quality produced, it’s hard to get away from the perception that they are too expensive, use too much energy, and present a whole host of operational problems.
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While academics continue to find increasingly expensive analytical instrumentation and more protracted procedures for fractionating and identifying foulants in municipal MBRs, it’s left to practitioners to come up with methods for tackling fouling.
Read articleAnyone working in wastewater cannot have failed to have noticed the increasing attention being paid to micropollutants. These are substances capable, we are assured, of wreaking havoc on the environment with potentially significant risk to human health.
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There is a debate over whether MBRs are worth the money when a biotreatment plant with a micro/ultrafiltration polish would suffice. There are all sorts of factors at play here.
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So, is the game up for fouling characterisation in municipal wastewater MBRs? One fears not. Of course, for industrial applications foulant characterisation is worthwhile − essential even.
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It is recognised that MBRs − and the immersed configuration (iMBR) in particular − operate more efficiently when fluctuations in loading are reduced. A buffer tank can reduce fluctuations sufficiently to allow more optimal use of the membranes.
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High operational costs, and energy costs in particular, are often seen as the Achilles heel of MBRs. Energy efficiency in operating MBRs has attracted a great deal of attention, particularly in relation to blowing air and aeration energy efficiency.
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According to the great Tom Lehrer: 'Life is like a sewer: what you get out of it depends on what you put in'. In which case, of course, wastewater treatment reflects life. A big selling point of MBRs is the constant and high wastewater quality.
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