Ragging in MBRs − how do rags form?
Ragging is a type of clogging, where clogging relates to agglomeration of solids in the membrane tank. In the case of ragging, the filament solids from textile materials join together to form long rags or braids. These rags, which may contain filaments no more than a few mm in length, are mechanically stable in the mixed liquor and can block the inlet channels of the membrane module and/or wrap themselves around the infrastructure of the membrane tank – including the aerators.